The Canadian is a three time UFC Welterweight Champion and well-regarded as one of the most accomplished fighters in MMA history. Pierre “GSP” has an estimated net worth of $35 million dollars, as of 2023. The MMA GOAT, Georges St-Pierre, has made a fortune in his illustrious MMA career. He has effectively increased his value in recent years. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth, Salary, Source of Income. Age: 42. George St-Pierre (Net Worth: $30 Million) Georges St-Pierre, born on May 19, 1981, in Saint-Isidore, Quebec, Canada, is widely regarded as one of the greatest UFC fighters in history. 3K. Pierre’s career in the UFC started on December 2, 2004, when he lost to Matt Serra by unanimous decision, at UFC 50. Standing at. Pierre was the highest paid fighter in the UFC, making an estimated $6. In recent years, he has effectively expanded his value. He has an estimated net worth is around $30 million whereas he earns his annual salary of $2 million per year. Georges St-Pierre. Georges St. Net Worth in 2023. Similarly, he averaged six figures sum per. 0 165 . He receives approximately $6 million for each battle, plus an additional $50,000 if he wins Fight of the Night. Georges St-Pierre este un artist marțial canadian mixt profesionist și luptător UFC care are o valoare netă de 30 de milioane de dolari. Born: George St. Desmarais Family – $5. He has made most of his fortune with his career as MMA artists. Pierre Net Worth 2021 MMA Trending NewsRelive this classic UFC matchup between Octagon legends and former champions Georges St-Pierre and BJ Penn at UFC 58 back in 2006. Georges St Pierre Net Worth, Biography, Wife, Age, Height, Weight, and many more details can be checked on this page. George St-Pierre is a two-time UFC champion, actor, and former. 1M. 75 m)Georges St-Pierre net worth and career earnings: Georges St-Pierre is a retired Canadian mixed martial artist who has a net worth of $20 million. #5 BJ Penn ($22 million). As of November 2023, George St Pierre has an estimated net worth of $35 million. Talking about his net worth, his net worth estimates at around $30 million. Pierre is and what he is doing. 2 billion. In recent years, he has effectively expanded his value. Georges St Pierre. vs. Georges St Pierre Net Worth. Read More: Georges St. Georges St-Pierre is considered by many to be the GOAT when it comes to UFC and MMA overall, but what is the retired fighter’s net worth in 2023?. Behind him were Brock Lesnar , Frank Mir , B. He is widely regarded as one of the best fighters in mixed martial arts history and has won numerous awards and accolades throughout his career. "Georges St-Pierre is our biggest pay-per-view star," White said recently. George St-Pierre (Net Worth: $30 Million) Georges St-Pierre, born on May 19, 1981, in Saint-Isidore, Quebec, Canada, is widely regarded as one of the greatest UFC fighters in history. He has earned a huge salary, which boosted his net worth. Georges St-Pierre is a Canadian Mixed Martial Artist who was born on May 19, 1981 in Saint-Isidore, Québec, Canada. #5 BJ Penn ($22 million). Georges St Pierre Net Worth . He was born on the 19th March 1981, in Saint-Isidore, Montérégie, Québec, Canada. A Canadian MMA pro and a three-time UFC Welterweight Champion, St Pierre is highly regarded for his technical skill. A similar $6 million is. He formerly owned the pay-per-view records in their entirety. Georges St-Pierre’s net worth is $25 Million. What is Paul George’s net worth in 2023?: $90 million (estimate) According to Celebrity Net Worth , the six-time All-Star is worth $90 million. As of 2023, The estimated net worth of George St. His wealth came from the earnings he accrued during his MMA career. He made over $2. 6M in 2021. Georges St-Pierre was born on May 19, 1981 in Saint-Isidore, Canada. Pierre was born in Saint-Isidore, Quebec, Canada. Net worth in 2023: USD 50 million. Khabib Nurmagomedov has done the same, but without losing even a. George St Pierre net worth is growing every year. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth 2023. Quebec is home to the second most billionaires in Canada after Ontario. As of May 2023, George St Pierre has an estimated net worth of $35 million. Otherwise known simply as "GSP," he is widely regarded as one of the best fighters in mixed martial arts history. Country: Canada. How much is George St-Pierre Net worth and salary? As of 2019. According to various online resources (Wikipedia, Forbes, IMDB), the most popular Canadian mixed martial artist Georges St-Pierre's estimated net worth is around $35 Million. Net Worth 2023 is. St. Early Life . 5 million for. The Mixed Martial Artist has accumulated a solid net worth of $30 million with perseverance and. Khabib Nurmagomedov (Net Worth: $40 Million) George St-Pierre’s Salary and Net Worth. A three-time UFC champion, he went 12-2 in. About Georges St Pierre Net Worth. Georges St-Pierre (French pronunciation:[ s pj]; produced May 19, 1981), frequently. Get the latest news, live stats and MMA fight highlights. Georges St-Pierre | Salary and Net worth. George St. Read More: Watch: Georges St-Pierre Motivates The Fans With His Superhuman Workouts. Georges St-Pierre is considered by many to be the GOAT when it comes to UFC and MMA overall, but what is the retired fighter’s net worth in 2023? An. Age: 42. Mixed martial artist who was one of the sport's premier welterweights. He will have successfully finished 38 years of age by May 2019. Stay up to date with UFC player news, rumors, updates, analysis, social feeds, and more at FOX Sports. Like that, brand deals endorsements, brand deals, and contract payments add to Georges’s net worth. However, in an interview with Ariel Helwani, St-Pierre said it was not true. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth: Biggest Cash Grabs of the MMA GOAT In and Out of the UFC GET THE APP the best post-for-post coverage Download our Octagon App for. Net Worth – He is one of the richest MMA. 5 billion), cofounders of crypto exchange Coinbase, and Baiju Bhatt ($2. Similarly, he averaged six figures sum per fight, which was generally above $200,000. George St. Mr. Pierre’s net worth is roughly $30 million. I feel like I'm on the edge, that's when I perform better. Pierre’s net worth is roughly $30 million. Johny Hendricks Net Worth. Georges St Pierre, a Canadian retired mixed martial artist, is estimated to have a net worth of $30 million as of 2023. Georges St-Pierre . Georges St-Pierre’s age is 42. For each battle, he gets around $6 million, plus an additional $50,000 if he wins Fight of the Night. Terakhir diubah: 2023-07-30 19:21. 2 billion ;George Pierre Net Worth, Earnings from fight, Contract, and Sponsors. He has made most of his fortune with his career as MMA artists. The industry pioneer in UFC, Bellator and all things MMA (aka Ultimate Fighting). Pierre's net worth is estimated to be $30 million. He is from Canadian. The revelation that Georges St-Pierre makes at least $5 million per fight was first reported by Georges himself in an interview from 2011. T, Georges St Pierre revealed how he made a fortune fighting for UFC amidst this fighter pay issue with the promotion. His net worth has been growing significantly in 2022-2023. The UFC Hall of Famer has made all the right moves when it comes to money. $2 million +. People also call him George St Pierre. He is the only fighter who have ever won a UFC title and WWE titles. Pen's net worth is $22 Million. A similar $6 million is earned by. Pierre? Dorothy Willis Senior Writer I October 29, 2008 Comments. Brock Lesnar net worth 2020 is $28 million, which makes him one of the richest UFC fighters ever. He was named Fighter of the Year by several publications in 2009 and was nominated for an ESPY for Best Fighter in 2008, 2010, and 2011. 6 George St-Pierre – Net worth 2023; 7 civil status. Former UFC champion turned actor Georges St-Pierre tells Yahoo Sports' Kevin Iole that despite a Hall of Fame career in MMA that he's still working on becoming that "ideal Georges St-Pierre" that. So, have you ever been curious about how wealthy Georges St-Pierre is? Sources with verified information estimate the value of Georges’ overall net worth to be $25 million as of early 2016. Born to Roland St-Pierre and Pauline St-Pierre, his star sign is Taurus. 19 May 1981. 5 celebrities who defied chronic conditions to find fame. Thiago Alves at UFC 100, $400,000 At the 100 th pay-per-view in UFC history, this monumental card featured monster payouts for some of the biggest fighters in the sport including Brock Lesnar, Dan Henderson, Fitch, Michael Bisping, Mark Coleman, and St-Pierre. Apart from that, Georges spent $500,000 to buy him a condo, but it needed some work. Learn more about his hobby and his net worth here. Wanderlei Silva. Georges St-Pierre net worth and career earnings: Georges St-Pierre is a retired Canadian mixed martial artist who has a net worth of $30 million. Georges St-Pierre. Georges St-Pierre net worth and career earnings: Georges St-Pierre is a retired Canadian mixed martial artist who has a net worth of $30 million. So, how much is Georges Laraque worth at the age of 46 years old?. Later that year, GSP earned a title shot against then-welterweight. Pierre is ranked as one of the top three "pound-for-pound". Rossy family – $2. Picture Credits: Georges St-Pierre/Instagram. Georges St-Pierre has an estimated net worth of around $30 million while he receives a payment of $6 million per bout. In 2023, his earnings. He is. The former UFC Champion is definitely one of the richest MMA players alive, if not the richest. It’s important for me that my private life stay private, that what I share with the people in my public personality. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth: Μισθός, Κέρδη & Σπίτι. Georges St-Pierre Opens Up About his Mysterious Relationship With Mandy Moore. . Source of Wealth: MMA Fighter: Net Worth 2022: $30 million: Earnings in 2022: Pending: Yearly Salary: Under Review: House(s) He lives in Saint-Isidore, Quebec: Cars: There are no vehicles shown to the public: All net worths are calculated by applying a proprietary algorithm. Georges St-Pierre Income & Net worth. Georges St-Pierre is considered one of the best mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters of all time. Find out Georges Pierre's Wiki, Age, Height, Girlfriend, and Net Worth in 2023. 78 m) Weight: 170 lb (77. I'm at my best when I'm nervous, scared. Author: playersbio. Picture Credits: Georges St-Pierre/Instagram. The UFC Hall of Famer has made an enormous wealth throughout his 28 MMA bouts. GSP won many awards and […]Georges St-Pierre’s net worth estimate is $30 million. As of November 2023, Tony Hulman George’s net worth is estimated to be $200 million. He is one of the most successful MMA artists, having competed in 13 pay-per-view fights. Standing at. As of 2023, the age of Georges is 42. His Height is 1. From a 3,000 to 6,000 USD salary per game, George’s earnings more than doubled in 2006 from 80-90 thousand USD to 140 thousand USD a year later in 2007. According to sources after making comeback in 2017 against. Birthday. Edited by Micah CurtisVideo: Georges St Pierre Net Worth. 4. George. As. How much is george st pierre net worth? England has many flags, but 2 primarily: Union Jack & the Cross of St. Penn has a net worth of $4 million. Pierre. Updated On April 16, 2023 by gajurel Quick Facts The former UFC champion in two weight classes and MMA fighter from Canada, Georges St-Pierre is also a performer. Net Worth: Online estimates of Georges St-Pierre’s net worth vary. Laraque squared off with world welterweight mixed martial arts (MMA) champion Georges St-Pierre for three rounds of grappling for takedowns on TSN TV show Off The Record. Georges St-Pierre's real net worth is not publicly known, but our website approximates that Georges St-Pierre could have a forecasted net worth of $12. He was most of the time bullied at school and had his. He is a popular Canadian former professional mixed martial artist as well as an actor and his source of income is from her profession as an athlete. Georges St-Pierre made his hay when the shine was shining and is now a multimillionaire. He retired in 2013 as the reigning welterweight champion, having won the most title bouts in UFC. However, in the last few years, Georges has successfully increased his fortune by 50%. Pierre's Net Worth is estimated to be $30 million. 8 m. Conor McGregor is an Irish professional MMA. Georges St-Pierre 1981 május 19-én született Saint-Isidore-ban, Montérégie-ben, Quebec. The famous Canadian MMA fighter “Georges St-Pierre” has a net worth of $35 million. Let's take a look at his career, with all its highs and lows, including his net worth! Search: Georges St-Pierre Net Worth 2018: How Much Is GSP Worth Now? John Witiw | Nov 1, 2017 3:15 pm | Sep 30, 2020 5:26 pm. Jun 15, 2021 - Georges St-Pierre is a professional Canadian mixed martial artist and UFC fighter who has a net worth of $30 million. “There is a difference between a fighter and a martial artist. Birthday. What is the age of George St Pierre? The Age of. Income. Pierre has accumulated a net worth of $30 million. The UFC legend turned Hollywood actor, Georges St-Pierre has revealed the secret to his enduring vitality in his 40s. 4. Pierre's career earnings in the UFC can be more than $7 million and it doesn't include PPV. Chuck Liddell Net Worth. Georges St-Pierre (nicknamed GSP), mixed martial artist (born 19 May 1981 in Saint-Isidore, QC). Being one of the biggest PPV draws in the UFC, GSP raised over $2. Georges St-Pierre was taught by his father and then he started to learn from a Kyokushin Karate Master to prevent himself from school bullies which seems. As we know, George St-Pierre has a net worth of $30 million. Georges St Pierre’s impressive net worth of $35 million stands as a testament to his triumphs in both the realms of mixed martial arts and the film industry. That was St-Pierre's last professional defeat - way back on April 7, 2007 - and for the next six years he was. Standing at. GSP therefore added $100,000 to its budget for the redesign. UFC commentator Joe Rogan has been around combat sports for decades. Lululemon founder Chip Wilson fell from ninth-place to twelfth on the list, despite his net worth increasing slightly to $5. He also earned "Fight of the Night" bonuses in two of his past four fights that were worth. Video: Georges St-Pierre Net Worth and Lifestyle - WHERE Did He Go? New Baby Mama? 2023, Agustus. The net worth of George St Pierre is $35 million George St Pierre, who is he? The real name of this mixed martial artist is George St Pierre. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth and Career Earnings: Georges St-Pierre is a retired Canadian mixed military artist who has a net worth of $30 million. 8 by knock out. Georges St-Pierre was created on, may 19, 1981 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Who Has George St-Pierre loss to? Georges St-Pierre has explained why his crushing defeat to Matt Serra was the “most humiliating” moment of his glittering UFC career. Net Worth: $30 Million; Salary: $6 Million Per Fight : Date of Birth: May 19, 1981 (39 years old) Gender: Male: Height: 5 ft 10 in (1. 1 fighter, a battle has been a boon for him. Charles Sirois – $1. Georges St-Pierre’s zodiac sign is Taurus. Want to more about Him? In this article, we covered Georges St-Pierre's net worth, wiki, bio, career, height, weight, pics, family, affairs, car, salary, age, facts, and other details in 2022. He started his career with $6,000. As of December 2022, Georges St-Pierre’s net worth is $5 Million. As of 2021, George St. About Georges St Pierre Net Worth. 2 million +. As of 2021, Georges St. Pierre was born in 1981, on the 19th of May in Saint-Isidore, Quebec of Canada. Similarly,. As of 2022, Georges St-Pierre has a net worth of $30 Million, making him the 4 th richest MMA fighter in the World. To illustrate, Georges is reported to have earned about $200,000 per fight plus a bonus. Georges St Pierre’s Net Worth is estimated at more than $30 million. The Canadian fighter was born in 1981, on May 19, in Saint-Isidore, Quebec Canada. Additionally, George St-Pierre is considered one of the best fighters in the history of mixed martial. RELATED: Top-20 Best MMA Fighters Of All-Time In UFC History. Pierre earned $10,000,000 for his most recent. Pierre’s salary per match just for showing up for the match is. Pierre Net Worth 2021 UFC FightersNet worth. Net Worth: $40 Million. . Georges St-Pierre estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & many more details have been updated below. Georges St Pierre Net Worth. George St. Well clear at the top of the list of richest MMA fighters, Georges St. George St. Georges St-Pierre καθαρή αξία και κέρδη σταδιοδρομίας: Ο Georges St-Pierre είναι ένας καναδικός μικτός πολεμικός καλλιτέχνης που έχει καθαρή αξία. Name: Georges St-Pierre Net Worth: $25 Million Gender: Male Height: 5′ 10″ Weight: 170 lbs Profession: Mixed Martial Artist Source: UFC, Sports Industry: Athlete Citizenship: Canada Education: École Pierre-BédardGeorges St-Pierre is a UFC Hall-of-Famer from the Class of 2020 widely considered to be one of the best mixed martial artists of all-time. Likewise, brand. Otherwise known simply as "GSP," he is widely regarded as one of the best fighters in. He is 41 years old professional Canadian UFC mixed martial arts fighter who has won both titles Welterweight and Middleweight. 5 billion. Georges St Pierre is a Canadian actor and former professional mixed martial artist who has a net worth of $35 million. Pierre’s salary per match just for showing up for the match is $2 million. The Canadian is a three time UFC Welterweight Champion and well-regarded as one of the most accomplished fighters in MMA history. St-Pierre's legacy cemented as greatest MMA fighter of all time (1:54) Ariel Helwani details why Georges St-Pierre is the greatest mixed martial artist of all time, winning a record 13 UFC title. B. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth is $25 Million Georges St-Pierre's salary $6 Million Georges St-Pierre Bio/Wiki, Net Worth, Married 2018. George St. His parents are Roland and Pauline St-Pierre. . Mixed martial arts fighter Georges St-Pierre delivers remarks after receiving the Order of Sport during the Class of 2023 induction ceremony in Gatineau, Que. Sports Editor . Last 30 days: $ 0, July 2023: $ 0, June 2023:. 51 million. Where In The World Is Georges St. Georges St-Pierre is the real legend of UFC. Georges St-Pierre’s net worth is approximately $30 million as of 2021. Georges St-Pierre: Net Worth and Salary. According to the sources, the retired MMA fighter has come across his total earnings of his whole fighting life of $7037000. Pierre is a Canadian professional mixed martial artist, popularly known as GSP. The talented mixed martial artist was named Georges St-Pierre at birth on May 19, 1981, in Saint-Isidore, Québec, Canada. Anyway, he was a good child, who was very active in several sports during school. In this writing, we have added the George St Pierre's age, height, weight, net worth, girlfriend/affairs here. Georges St Pierre Net Worth. Because he won so many games, it can be estimated that his salary is $4 million per match. He also earned between $12 million and $15 million in endorsement fees. Georges St-Pierre is best known as a MMA Fighter. When the topic of the greatest fighters of all time comes up, Georges St-Pierre’s name is always mentioned. Canadian former professional mixed martial artist Georges St. He is a very well-known for his…FL net worth; 39 richest; 1992 births; 1991 births; YouTube Star net worth; 1985 births; 38 richest; CA net worth; 21st-century American male actors; Instagram Star net worth. Height, Age & Physical. MMA news, interviews, pictures, videos and more since 1997. Obviously, the most income of this sum of money comes from his successful involvement into the sports industry as a MMA. UFC Fight Earnings: $2. Georges St-Pierre Wiki Biography. Georges St-Pierre is a retired Canadian mixed martial artist. Georges St-Pierre was born in Saint-Isidore, Montérégie, Québec, Canada, on. . Georges St-Pierre Ivan Menjivar 0 0 17 8 1 2 0 0 UCC 7. 8 Million. An absolutely incredible career inside the. Besides, GSP earns around $6 million per fight, with more than $50,000 in the event. The revelation that Georges St-Pierre makes at least $5 million per fight was first reported by Georges himself in an interview from 2011. More Michael Bisping vs. Pierre was born on the 19th of May, 1981, in Saint-Isidore, Quebec. Summary: Georges St-Pierre, in addition to the Kanji tattoo on his chest, has another tattoo on his right leg, the symbol of the Fleur de Lis. Find out about mma fighter Georges St-Pierre: Age, height, weight, What he did before fame, his family life Latest information about him on social networksThe Middleweight Championship victory was his final fight. Georges St Pierre, a former skilled blended martial fighter and actor from Canada, has a $35 million web price. So, how much is Georges St-Pierre worth at the age of 41 years old? Georges St-Pierre’s income source is mostly from being a successful Fighter. He has earned a total of $7, 037,000 during his career in MMA until 21st February 2019. Georges St-Pierre Justin Bruckmann 0 0 20 2 2 0 1 0 UCC 10 Jun. Later, in early 2009, Penn went up against George St-Pierre for the latter's welterweight title; he ultimately lost in the stopped fight. What is Georges St-Pierre net worth? He has an estimated net worth of $30 million as of 2019. During his MMA career till February 21, 2019, he has earned a total of $7,037,000. Mixed martial artist who was one of the sport’s premier welterweights during his time in the UFC. Country of Origin. Georges St-Pierre net worth increased when "Rush" demanded more money and a better contract from UFC which was a risky but profitable bet on himself. Georges St-Pierre sündis 19. St-Pierre, 39, walked away from the UFC in 2017 with a tremendous 26-2 professional MMA record. His Height is 1. Along with intently taking in a sport for many years comes a wealth of knowledge, and apparently, Rogan believes that welterweight contender Jorge Masvidal is a better fighter than UFC Hall of Famer and former two-division champion Georges St-Pierre. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth, Income, Salary, Earnings, Biography, How much money make? November 23, 2021 by NCERT Point Team. George St-Pierre (Net Worth: $30 Million) Georges St-Pierre, born on May 19, 1981, in Saint-Isidore, Quebec, Canada, is widely regarded as one of the greatest UFC fighters in history. During his career, he earned over $7 million in salary and bonuses from the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). 50% match deposit bonus worth up to $1,000. Georges St-Pierre was born on the 19th March 1981, in Saint-Isidore, Montérégie, Québec, Canada. Also know about Georges St-Pierre bio, salary, height, age weight, relationship, and more. Georges St-Pierre’s (GSP) Networth 2023. An intimate, human and philosophical look at the life of the MMA world champion — his journey from years of bullying to the very top of the world of mixed martial arts. After adding his UFC and WWE earnings, his net worth is valued at around $28 million. He defeated Bisping in the third round via. CelebsMoney and NetWorthStatus does a good job of breaking most of it down. Georges consistently spends $200,000 of his initial $1 million on travel and shopping. Georges St. While many of Quebec’s richest people are heirs to wealthy families in traditional industries such as beer, retail and. St-Pierre retired from the UFC with a 26-2 overall record. George St-Pierre – Net Worth 2023. The UFC Welterweight G. Top 8 quotes by Georges St-Pierre >> 3. He is one of. As of now, Georges St-Pierre’s estimated net worth stands at around $5 million. Net Worth 2023 is. NET WORTH. Net Worth: $30 000 000: Is not Married?. Pierre is around $35 million. Video: Georges St-Pierre Net Worth and Lifestyle - WHERE Did He Go? New Baby Mama? 2023, Septembra. Video: Georges St Pierre Net Worth. A Canadian MMA pro and a three-time UFC Welterweight Champion, St Pierre is highly regarded for his technical skill. Georges St-Pierre, widely known as 'GSP,' is a retired Canadian mixed martial artist who has left an indelible mark on the world of UFC. Georges St-Pierre Height and WeightHow Much Is Georges St-Pierre Worth? According to celebritynetworth. Pierre (Source: Instagram) The Sherdog ranked St-Pierre as the #1 welterweight fighter in the World for several years. He retired in 2013 as the reigning welterweight champion, having won the most title bouts in. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth and Career Earnings: Georges St-Pierre is a retired Canadian mixed martial artist who has a net worth of $30 million. Pierre net worth is $1. Georges St-Pierre was bullied as a child. Home/ Georges St-Pierre Georges St-Pierre. December 30 2018 2 min read. At the same time, Georges started. Georges St-Pierre's Income /. Here, we take a look at the biggest cash grabs of St-Pierre in and out of the UFC. He currently resides in Saint-Isidore, Quebec. Pierre returned to the. Georges St-Pierre has an estimated net worth of $30 million. Pierre’s net worth is roughly $30 Million. . Georges St-Pierre is currently single, according to our records. During the UFC 290 media day on Thursday, July 6th, Georges St-Pierre made a surprise appearance with a big announcement. This number is also listed by WealthyGorilla, which indicates that the Canadian legend was. A retired Canadian mixed martial artist, Georges St Pierre’s net worth is a staggering $30 million. A. With an exceptional talent and skillset, Georges St-Pierre has established a successful career over the years, earning widespread recognition and acclaim. , on Oct. His parents didn’t want to accept this gift from him, but St-Pierre forced them to take it. He is Canadian by his nationality and his ethnicity is white. Wiki Bio of Georges St-Pierre net worth is updated in 2023. George St. Georges St-Pierre Net Worth and Lifestyle - Famous Fighter, Actor, Businessman and Writer?Georges St-Pierre, a UFC welterweight champion, a UFC middleweight. Georges St-Pierre.